Analysis of relationship between retraction and muscular strength in individuals of specific populations

The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the degree of retraction and the muscular force in individuals of specific populations. Volunteers of the masculine gender, with age between 17 and 46 years old, were divided in four groups: GI (Sedentary, n=11); GII (Musculation, n=11); GIII (Worker, n=9); GIV (Worker + Musculation - n=10). Tests of retraction in the muscular groups of the shoulder had been evaluated, in knee and posterior chain. The palms grip strength was measured by dynamometry, was held to test the arm bending, strength of quadriceps, hamstrings and chest. In the results to degrees of flexibility for adduction of the shoulder, the group GIV (143.79º ± 8.71) had to be significantly higher than the group GIII (122.87º ± 11.87) to the right side (R). GIII (117.26º ± 9.05), in turn, showed lower compared to GII (131.06º ± 17.47) group for the left (L) (p\u3c0.05). To rotators of shoulder muscles, there was significant difference, with lower values for the group GIII (81.22º ± 8.63), compared to GII (98.65º ± 13.40), to the R side, and GIII (75.00º ± 7.05) compared the GI (98.15º ± 7.68) and GII (93.82º ± 19.00), side L (p\u3c0.01). The chain later muscle points higher ranges in centimeters for the GIV (5.32 ± 4.71) compared to the group GI (1.00 ± 5.02) (p\u3c0.01). For bending the arm and holds palm forests, the gains went to musculation athletes of individuals in relation to groups without weight training. Therefore, the practice of exercises of weight training does not seem important to the development of permanent muscle shortening to individuals, enabling greater power generation in individuals that practice

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSES OF THE GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE ELECTRICAL STIMULATED AFTER IMMOBILIZATION

This study evaluated some mechanical properties of the gastrocnemius muscle immobilized and submitted to neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) through Russian current. Thirty-two (32) Wistar female rats were used, divided into four groups: control (CG), immobilized (IG); immobilized and later free mobilization (IFG) immobilized and later NMES (NMESG). Mechanical experiment of longitudinal traction was carried out to attain the mechanical properties. Results: maximum load 33.68±3.58N (CG), 18.36±4.43N (IG), 25.54±2.88N (IFG) and 28.25±5.88N (NMESG). Maximum elongation 18.37±0.49x10-3m (CG), 10.84±2.11x10-3m (IG), 15.82±1.71x10-3m (IFG) and 17.08±2.30x10-3m (NMESG). Stiffness 1555.14±222.43N/m (CG), 2193.60±847.90N/m (IG), 1715.25±137.25N/m (IFG) and 1654.80±262.28N/m (NMESG). The study suggests that the NMES is not capable to reestablish the muscle mechanical properties after the immobilization

Suplemento com Cystoseira canariensis promove aumento de resistência à carga máxima em músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas

Was evaluated the maximum load supported by the grastrocnemius muscle of female rats after the ministering of Cystoseira canariensis, either associated or not to swimming. Twenty-eight young Wistar female rats were used, divided into 4 groups: control (C, n=7); supplement (S, n=7); supplement and swimming (SSw, n=7); swimming (Sw, n=7). Each one pertaining to the groups S and SSw received 20 mg of myostatin inhibitor per day. The swimming consisted in an aerobe protocol, three times in a week, during eight weeks. The right grastrocnemius muscle of each animal was removed and a tension test was performed in an Emic testing machine. The results (Mean±SEM) were evaluated through ANOVA and Tukey test (pEl objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la carga máxima soportada por el músculo gastrocnemio de ratas después de intervención con Cystoseira canariensis, asociado o no con la natación. Se utilizaron 28 ratas Wistar, divididas en 4 grupos: control (C, n=7); suplemento (S, n=7); suplemento y natación (SN, n=7); y natación (N, n=7). Cada animal perteneciente a los grupos S y SN recibió 20 mg de inhibidor de miostatina por día. La natación consistió em un protocolo aeróbico, tres veces por semana, durante ocho semanas. Tras el período de entrenamiento, fue retirado el músculo gastrocnemio derecho de cada animal y realizado test de tracción en una máquina de ensayo Emic. Los resultados (Media±DP) fueron evaluados por ANOVA y test de Tukey (pO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a carga máxima suportada pelo músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas após intervenção com Cystoseira canariensis, associado ou não à natação. Foram utilizadas 28 ratas Wistar, divididas em 4 grupos: controle (C, n=7); suplemento (S, n=7); suplemento e natação (SN, n=7); e natação (N, n=7). Cada animal pertencente aos grupos S e SN recebeu 20 mg de inibidor de miostatina por dia. A natação consistiu em um protocolo aeróbio, três vezes por semana, durante oito semanas. Após o período de treinamento, foi retirado o músculo gastrocnêmio direito de cada animal e realizado teste de tração em uma máquina de ensaio Emic. Os resultados (Média±DP) foram avaliados por meio de ANOVA e teste de Tukey (

Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas imobilizado e submetido à corrente russa

Neuromuscular electric stimulation by Russian current, used in rehabilitation, is able to increase muscle trophism and strength, especially in muscles with post-immobilization deficit, as is the case of injuries during sports practice. The purpose here was to assess the gastrocnemius muscle mechanical properties of rats immobilized for 14 days and subjected to electric stimulation by Russian current for 10 days. Thirty two Wistar female rats were divided into four groups: control (G1), immobilized (G2), immobilized and freed (G3), and immobilized and afterwards submitted to Russian current (G4). Mechanical properties - maximum load and stretch, stiffness, and resilience - were assessed by longitudinal traction. As to maximum load, G4 showed higher values when compared to the only-immobilized group (G2, pA eletroestimulação neuromuscular por corrente russa, recurso utilizado na reabilitação, pode aumentar o trofismo e restabelecer a força muscular, sobretudo dos músculos que apresentam deficit pós-imobilização, como é o caso de lesões durante a prática esportiva. Objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades mecânicas do músculo gastrocnêmio de ratas imobilizadas por 14 dias e posteriormente submetidas à eletroestimulação por corrente russa durante 10 dias. Utilizaram-se 32 ratas Wistar divididas em quatro grupos: controle (G1), imobilizado (G2); imobilizado e liberado por 10 dias (G3) e imobilizado e submetido à corrente russa por 10 dias (G4). A avaliação das propriedades mecânicas - carga, alongamento, rigidez e resiliência - foi feita por ensaio de tração longitudinal. Quanto à carga no limite máximo, o G4 apresentou valores mais elevados quando comparado ao grupo apenas imobilizado (G2,

Macroscopic placental changes associated with fetal and maternal events in diabetes mellitus

OBJECTIVES: The current study sought to identify macroscopic placental changes associated with clinical conditions in women with or without diabetes and their newborns. METHODS: The study population consisted of 62 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with diabetes and 62 healthy women (control group). RESULTS: Among the subjects with diabetes, 43 women (69.3%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, 15 had diabetes mellitus I (24.2%), and four had diabetes mellitus II (6.5%). The mean age of the women studied was 28.5 ± 5.71 years, and the mean gestational age of the diabetic women was 38.51 weeks. Of the 62 placentas from diabetic pregnancies, 49 (79%) maternal surfaces and 59 (95.2%) fetal surfaces showed abnormalities, including calcium and fibrin deposits, placental infarction, hematoma, and fibrosis. A statistical association was found between newborn gender and fetal and maternal placental changes (p = 0.002). The mean weight of the newborns studied was 3,287 ± 563 g for women with diabetes mellitus, 3,205 ± 544 g for those with gestational diabetes mellitus, 3,563 ± 696 g forthose with diabetes mellitus II, and 3,095 ± 451 g forthose with diabetes mellitus I. CONCLUSIONS: Infarction, hematoma, calcification, and fibrin were found on the maternal and fetal placental surfaces in women with diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes and post-term infants had more calcium deposits on the maternal placental surface as compared to those with type I and type II diabetes

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions